Haverwood Furniture Essay

Haverwood Furniture, Inc. Q1 How would you characterize the HH wood Furniture Industry? †¢Haverwood L Room & Bedroom †¢Haverwood has own sales force 10 sales/ 2 Reg †¢Upholstered 50%/ Wood 40% †¢Total Ind Sales 3 Mil †¢Top 10 Wood Manu = 1/3 of total sales †¢Asia imports driving down prices (BPuerto) †¢US Manu downsized – 100 Manu †¢$15 million sales = 6% mkt share †¢Hwood uses 1000 specialty style (Selective distribution) †¢Gallery concept prevalent †¢Do not have full line in all retailers †¢Do not have galleries in all retailers Q2 How do consumer buy? †¢94% enjoy shopping †¢Lack confidence about quality or evaluating price †¢95% get redecorating ideas from Mag. †¢84% believe higher price = higher quality †¢72% browse even when not buying †¢Rely on sales people for ideas but want to be left alone to shop †¢85% read ads before shopping †¢Difficult to select styles Attributes †¢Styling/Design (1) †¢Brand Name/Image (5) †¢Price (4) †¢Construction Quality/workmanship (2) †¢Store Quality/Image (3) Buying Decision †¢Joint decision †¢Difficult – guidance †¢Little Knowledge Q3 What is the role of Marketing Communications †¢Consumer advertising oinforms about styles, arrangements oEmphasize Quality oDevelops â€Å"share of mind† †¢Company Salespeople oSell thru as much of line as possible oSell-develop rapport oTraining retail sales people – product quality %& feature oBuild enthusiasm w/ RSP o100% sales time †¢Trade Advertising oPoint of purchase – anything that goes on at the time of sale oBrochure take away †¢Cooperative Advertising oGiven by the retailer but funded by the manufacturing †¢Builds bond between retailer and brand Q4 Objectives for 2008 †¢Broaden advertising incl online †¢Penetrating boomer demo (Buy hi-quality) †¢Lower ad budget if possible †¢Marketing many lines †¢Broaden full line penetration †¢More galleries †¢Reach consumers at critical decision points Q5 How might objectives be translated into budge? †¢Sales Increase oLast Year 75 M * 1.04% = $78000000 oSales person option $135000 (SALES) o5% of 78000000 = †¢3900000 †¢3675000 †¢225000 o1% = 780000 (AGENCY) †¢562000 †¢218000

Candle Light Glass Menagerie

The Power of Light A Candle light is the most primitive of lights, but it serves a different purpose than illuminating a room in The Glass Menagerie, written by Tennessee Williams. Williams uses the contrast between light and darkness to symbolize and emphasize the powerful moments that occur in the play. Although Williams uses these mechanics, the candle light of course has deeper meaning within the context of the story. Being the weakest of lights, the candle light is easily extinguished, but that small, weak light has some form of hope against the overbearing world.With Laura being as fragile, he candle symbolizes her hopes and dreams that are which snuffed out from society. Throughout the play, Williams also uses candle light imagery to describe Laura and her emotions. The candle light represents hope and how it is lost, but the character who demonstrates this most is Laura. Light, in any form, brings some form of happiness to people. Laura demonstrates her happiness when she sha res a tender moment with Jim. Being reclusive and removing herself from society, Laura is unable to interact with people, but only on certain circumstances when â€Å"light† illuminates through her.This â€Å"light† that is being referred to is the inner hope that Laura has. She desperately wants to guard this hope though, in fear of it being extinguished. This is very apparent when Laura says, â€Å"Oh be careful – if you breathe, it breaks! † (Williams 1281). Laura is referring to her glass unicorn, which also represents her, but any form of power like a breath could possibly break the unicorn which refers to her own candle light of hope. Laura desires Jim and hopes that his feelings for her remain true.As Jim continues to enlighten Laura, she announces, â€Å"l trust you with him! Hold him over the light, he oves the light! You see how the light shines through him? † (Williams 1281) Laura's hope is continuing to grow as she suggests Jim to take hold of her unicorn. With the unicorn representing her, and the light illuminating through the unicorn, Laura has officially given herself and her hope into Jim. After he admits that he is to be married, the hope that is inside Laura is extinguished.At the end of the play, Tom speaks solely to his sister, and tells her to â€Å"Blow out [her] candles† (Williams 1289). Tom means that there is no hope left for Laura, and she will be stuck with herself for the est of her life. Wanting to find new things in life, Tom has decided to leave, and realizes that with him leaving Laura has no chance to find another â€Å"gentleman caller† and so her lights of hope are extinguished. The author uses light and darkness to symbolize and to emphasize the dramatic moments of the play.The desperation and highly charged emotions in this play are linked to the symbolism of the light getting dim or going dark Just like the status of the unstable Wingfields. The candles are a way for the au dience to understand that soon all wlll go aarK. Easlly Dlown out, tne candles prov10e a very temporary moment of light, when Laura shares a tender moment with Jim, before her hopes and dreams are extinguished. There are several ways of looking at the candles. First, they establish a more muted tone – you might even call it romantic.That less harsh light perhaps allows Laura to be more open with Jim; it gives her courage. That might lead to an interpretation that the candles symbolize hope. Hope that Laura might be able to connect with Jim, hope that Amanda's dream of a Gentleman Caller providing a uture for Laura, hope that if Laura is taken care of, Tom will be able to strike out on his own and leave the shoe warehouse, etc. It makes Tom's final line more heart- breaking – â€Å"blow out your candles, Laura. There is ultimately no hope for this socially and physically (at least in her mind) handicapped young woman. There is no place in our society for such a misfit. the last scene of the play, Tom tells Laura to blow our her candles, and here the candles symbolizes Laura and her familys hope. This can be seen by how it makes contrast with the world lit by lightning, and how he author uses candlelight to describe Laura. First of all, the candlelight stands in contrast to a world lit by lightning in Tom's final words.

Read book, write a journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read book, write a journal - Essay Example It is for this reason that the application of ethical theories and the consideration of the moral obligation of the farmers form a crucial part in agriculture. They provide the basis for interaction and learning for the farmers and all the stakeholders involved. As Robert explains in the ethical agricultural horizon, many people in the field of agriculture view the ethical consideration applicable in agriculture not to be a central issue in agriculture. Therefore, the majority are not willing to contribute to the debate of moral and ethical as they consider it peripheral in their line. He places the agricultural in the context that only leaves their role to be that of producing fiber and food to the human race (Zimdahl 2015). In this, he portrays them as people mentally ethical in their daily lives. Therefore, this place their moral energy expended protecting the souls of their business purely private. However, the problem with this assumption it ignores many facts that fall within the perspective of agriculture. This includes their moral obligation to the environmental issues that the farmers themselves create (Zimdahl 2015). These can range from the impact of excessive fertilizers and pesticides to water and health of individuals. This ca uses internalization of the agricultural problems. Omitting of this moral obligation of the farmers therefore in this context overlooks the obligation to the environment. Apparently, the fear of most of the farmers to resolve and raise ethical issues roots from the fact that they are ethically right already. As Robert explains, agriculturalists draw their views from three main domains in agriculture. The predominant factor in their views has a connect to the fact that most of the rangers, agriculturalists and farmers lack only have basic educations making implementation of the moral and ethical theories an issue (Zimdahl 2015). The

SAM 400 UNIT 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAM 400 UNIT 8 - Essay Example ate the team members to be aware that their tasks are mutually dependent thereby increasing the flexibility of the team and increasing the team’s response time (Musselwhite, 2007). The team’s response quality is extremely reliant on the feedback gotten from the leader of the team, customers and other members of the team. Musselwhite (2007) asserts that obtaining timely feedback is vital to the team’s success. On the other hand, the team leader is supposed to make sure that feedback has reached the whole team according to its metrics and goals. In addition, feedback is supposed to be obtained in time in case of corrections and adjustments. Mostly, feedback is obtained too late for it to add any practical value. Even if feedback may be used in planning future things, instant corrections needed in performance may not be enhanced by it. Feedback can be termed as a productive communication. It is very useful to a team leader. Communication that is productive within the team is very essential. This communication among team members may lead to improvement in the productivity and quality of the team. Timely feedback can differentiate between a team viewing mistakes as great opportunities and a team that is concealing its mistakes (Musselwhite, 2007). In a certain point when the team sees faults as chances of improving the results of a team, it indicates that the leader of that team has effectively developed an environment that endorses solving of problems. When the members of the team are allowed to develop their performance, they can be more engaged and proactive. Moreover, teams have big ownership of results discovered by them. According to Musselwhite (2007), another way of creating a team structure that is overly effective is by developing an environment suitable to solve problems. In case the structure of the team is poorly arranged, it can lead to negative behaviors among the team members and hinder communication. In an event whereby the team is having

Human Law and Conscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Law and Conscience - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that conscience can be regarded as a set of moral convictions arising from traditional and spiritual beliefs, which is invoked and defined by the individual himself. Unlike the structural Human Laws, which includes both the civil laws and ecclesiastical laws, conscience is a subjective concept that holds the possibility of implicating total sovereignty over these human laws. Most importantly, the value of human conscience has a direct influence on the individual’s expression of denial or compliance with the human laws. However, the conflict between this individual conscience and human laws is inevitable. Exercising one’s own conscience by involving or refusing to the government that enforces unfair policies is one of the primary right and obligation for any citizen to act upon. There are many scholars and theorists who express the civil disobedience in the light of human conscience. Civil disobedience can be regarded as a nece ssary expression of human conscience and morality towards unjust laws. The concept of the right to resistance has a significant importance when the government policies turn out to be unjust or immortal towards the society. This would help in reconfiguring the laws of the State to make it more equitable and less onerous towards its treatment of the community as a whole. According to Henry David Thoreau, the morality of individual acts can possibly outweigh the consequences of civil disobedience against the severity of the injustice. It can be asserted that acting on civil disobedience does not undermine the power of democracy but it reinforces the values of liberty and deference. In circumstances when the human laws or government policies become an intrusive power, stifling the people’s rights, civil disobedience is acceptable by all means that would recognize the freedom of every individual. Fighting against inequality within a community has to be witnessed through the inborn , unwritten law of one’s conscience rather than inferring from the human laws that actually created it in the first place.

Quality Control Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality Control - Annotated Bibliography Example The law provides special protection for infants and children; incentives for the American farmers to develop and maintain effective crop protection measures; the need for periodic evaluation of pesticide registration and tolerance for collection of scientific data and expediting approval of pesticides application. This law is under review for further refinements U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Accomplishments under the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)† August 3, 2006 -- 10th Anniversary of the Food Quality Protection Act. Pesticides: Regulating Pesticides. Web. This article presents the accomplishments of the Food Quality Protection Act, 10 years after it was implemented. This is only a narrative presentation but lacks data on numbers. The report said that FPQA has accomplished its task of ensuring that all pesticides used on food in the U.S. meet safety standards. EPA, in this report, has achieved to get the cooperation of the private sector partners to provide the world with abundant supply of healthy food products that met the American quality food standards. EPA hopes that with the tools provided to the agency by the law, they will continue to become a reliable food supplier in the world. Th. Blaha â€Å"The Importance of Quality Assurance and Food Safety in Modern Food Production Systems†. University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical and Population Sciences. Web. In the introductory of this topic, Th. Blaha, points to the food=borne disease and deaths caused by unsafe meat food products. He traced this to the lack of quality control system on meat inspection and proper hygiene; although author admitted that safety controls are much more advanced now than in previous years. Author said that consumers now are more health conscious as they demand for economical, healthy, tasty and safe food. Consumer behavior now shows respect towards animal

The Nuclear Energy Industry in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Nuclear Energy Industry in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Saudi Arabia has 16 percent of the oil reserves proven in the world, ranks highest in the exportation of petroleum liquids and has the largest capacity to export crude oil in the entire world (Independent statistics and analysis, Para 2). The nuclear energy industry in Saudi follows Canada as the second largest exporter of petroleum in the ranking for petroleum exporters to the United States. It takes the fifth position in the world’s largest reserve for natural gas through its production is limited. The industry has plans for increasing the capacity to produce electricity to 120GW to meet the growing electricity demand in the country. The major areas of the industry are the refining of natural gas, petrochemicals, crude oil, petroleum and mineral resources. (Independent statistics and analysis, Para 4). The industry has huge oil reserves for oil with Ghawar field being the largest oil field in the world. Saudi Arabia has the highest rate of oil consumption in the world and holds the highest position for crude oil production in the world. Saudi Aramco has an oil processing facility that is the greatest in the entire world and eight domestic refineries for crude oil. It has the fifth largest reserves for natural gas though it does not export any of its production. The natural gas produced therefore is used for domestic consumption. The increased demand for electricity has pushed the need for the industry to increase electricity generation. This will be necessitated by an increase in nuclear power, solar power and other renewable sources and reducing the overall amount of crude oil burning. The Saudi Electric company is the main electricity generator in Saudi Arabia, followed by the Saline Water conversion corporation. Saudi Aramco has its own power plants that generate power for its o wn use in the oil facilities (Banks 120). There was an announcement by the Gulf Cooperation Council in December 2006 that it was conducting a study on a peaceful use  of nuclear energy.  

Florence Nightingale as one of the most powerful and influential women Essay

Florence Nightingale as one of the most powerful and influential women in history - Essay Example She became one of the most powerful and influential women in history giving women the right to engage themselves to different professions through her struggles and achievements. She exemplifies the power and ability of a woman who is allowed to express her talents and unique personality and share them with the larger society. Florence Nightingale was born on "May 12th, 1820" and was named after her birthplace in Florence, Italy. She was born into a wealthy, influential and upper-class British family. Although Florence's father did not want her to pursue a career, he encouraged her to educate herself in different fields. While Florence was developing her personality as an intellectual being, she realized how dissatisfied she was as an aristocratic woman. In contrary to her mother and sister who were enjoying this lifestyle. During her time, nursing did not count as an appropriate profession for a woman of her class and background because it is a vocation meant for poorer women; even comparing it to a cook. Despite that, she still pursued to study nursing and made it clear to those around her that this was her calling. Florence's parents did not agree with the idea and expected her to make a good marriage and maintain the typical aristocratic lifestyle. However, she rebelled against her family's wishes and succeeded in her struggle to study nursing after a long endeavor considering that they had no such tradition to training women to nurture a career apart from being a wife and a mother, not to mention the defiance she showed towards the "societal code for affluent young English women."1 Florence Nightingale As a young woman, Florence quickly became a famous, eminent and heroic figure in the nursing profession. She worked hard to "educate herself in the art and science of nursing." 2 Florence Nightingale She cared mostly for the poor and became an advocate of the improvement of medical services especially those in the infirmaries. With her advocate, she gained the support of then the president of the Poor Law Board, Charles Villier. "This led to her active role on the Poor Law's, extending further beyond the provisions of the medical care." 3 Florence Nightingale She became so devoted to her profession that she did not entertain a suitor in the name of Richard Monckton Milnes, a politician and poet, certain that marriage will interfere with "her ability to follow her calling to nursing." Nightingale considered marriage as her last concern; in fact, she declined Milnes marriage proposal much to her mother's dismay. But she had a long friendship with a politician by the name of Sidney Herb ert who, at that time, was the Secretary at War (1845-1846) and became "instrumental in facilitating her pioneering work in Crimea and in the field of nursing." 4 Florence Nightingale Florence even became a "key advisor" 5 Florence Nightingale to him in his political career. This proves how she is determined to change the status of women during her time and that someone of her gender can contribute her intellectual abilities for the betterment of the society. However, the support she got from Herbert did not hold true for her family, and even created conflicts for her at home. At that point, she had no support from anyone, yet she was determined enough to remain unmarried and continue

What Does it Mean to Localise Software What Are the Problems and Assignment

What Does it Mean to Localise Software What Are the Problems and Issues of Localising and Distributing Databases Worldwide Consequences of Global Data Communication - Assignment Example Problems and Issues of Localising and Distributing Databases Worldwide Localisation and distribution of data base tend to be a complex process especially in a situation whereby, there large data base with a great size. Additionally, lack of established tools and techniques of converting centralised data management systems into decentralised form makes it quite challenging to localize and distribute databases world wide(O?zsu & Valduriez, 2011). In addition, insecurity and lack of established standards for localizing and distributing databases creates a significant challenge when localizing databases. In above connection, distribution and localisation of data tends to be time consuming as well as an expensive process. This is because one may be required to hire additional staffs to manage and operate database. The problem in ensuring that logarithms being utilized are correct might be experienced when localizing and distributing database world wide (O?zsu & Valduriez, 2011). Consequen ces of Global Data Communication Research indicates that global communication has not only facilitated communication but it has also open social, economic, cultural and political connection across the entire globe. Global data communication has been reported to increase the levels of economic activities such as finance and trade. Through global data communication people have abandoned the traditional communication approaches and have in turned embraced new methods of global data communication (Notto, 2005). This has been made possible due to cultural and technological exchange that had been taking place among people located in different parts of the world. In addition, global data communication has increased competition among different nations as each nation tries to become more competitive than the other. Global data communication has provided tools and products for networking purposes. This has further led to increase integration between different nations. However, despite having numerous positive consequences, global data communication also has negative consequences. Among the negative consequences include: environmental pollution whereby, disposal of ICT by-products into the environment can cause serious health problems. Additionally, global data communication has increase cyber crime and other ICT related crimes (Goudie & Cuff, 2002). 1-a) 1-b) steps in your assignment to correct the aforementioned mistakes. There are several steps of correcting data entry errors for instant if a mistake was made by putting the wrong name of the customer or product the following steps may be followed; The first step may involve finding the wrong customer name or product and deleting the wrong name, the second step may involve putting the correct name in all the areas with incorrect names/data. In above connection, one may decide to utilize action query to correct mistakes made when entering the data and names. When using this method one may first locate the query, secondl y one may be required to open and click edit and putting the correct name/data. On the other hand, one may utilize other steps. One may first press Ctrl and Find, secondly, after the box has emerged one may press replace and find. Whereby, all incorrect items may be highlighted and replaced using control and replace command (Katz & Made Simple Learning, 2011). 1-c) how would you correct the problems associated with question 1-b? Problem associated with 1-b above may be corrected by deleting all the names and wrong price quotes and replacing them with correct data. In this case find and replace may be utilized.

“The Wife of Bath’s Tale” by Geoffrey Chaucer and “The Flea” by John Donne Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and â€Å"The Flea† by John Donne Essay In this paper I will compare the approach to marriage in the works â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and â€Å"The Flea† by John Donne; in both cases it is a means to an end: in the first the old woman wants to get â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire† and in the second the lover seeks â€Å"How little which his lover (thou) deniest him (me)† and uses an allusion to marriage to achieve this. In â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† the old woman seems to ask the knight a naà ¯ve request; there is no hint that what she will ask of him is to marry her: â€Å"Swear me true that whatsoever I ask of you, you’ll do it if it lies whithin you might†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . After the knight returns to the queen, and the answer the old woman gave the knight is the one the queen looked for, the old woman’s intent becomes clear: â€Å"Before the court I ask you, then, sir knight, To take me, as you wife.† The knight in shock tries to refuse, but as he has sworn â€Å"upon his (my) honor† he has no way out of the deal he closed; therefore, they get married. As married couples are due in the night of the wedding, the couple goes to bed to consummate the marriage. Here is when we learn what the old woman’s plan was. As they lay in bed they old woman is waiting for the knight to act as a newlywed husband, but she then realizes that the knight’s intentions were not the ones she hoped for: â€Å"You are so loathsome and so old as well†¦ †¦It is no wonder that I toss and turn.† The wife tells her husband that he has two choices, and he is welcome to choose what he best prefers, for she will do as he bids and never complain. The knight thinks carefully, and weighs his options, and then realizes that this choice should not be his: â€Å"My love and lady, my dear wife. In your wise government I put my life†¦ †¦I am content, whatever pleases you.† Now the old woman’s motive is clear, and she got â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire† â€Å"to have sovereignty†¦ †¦above their husbands, and to have their way in love†; the choice is hers to do as she pleases, and what she wants is to please him, so she gives her husband everything he could have wanted. The decision she makes can be confusing since she denies herself the power she wanted after getting the choice, but the main point is that even so she was able to choose. In â€Å"The Flea† the man is not looking for marriage, he seeks only to consummate it. The allusion to marriage is used to undermine the importance of the act that comes after the wedding: the bedding. The poem starts with the comparison between both lovers being bitten by a flea, and the lover thinks that the act of being bitten by a flea is less than the consumption of marriage: â€Å"Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pampered swells with one blood made of two, And this, alas, is more than we would do.† The fact that they were bitten by the same flea means that they are as good as married. The lover tries to convince his mistress that what he wants is not sinful as she thinks since they are already married by the bite of the flea, so they may as well do what married couples do: â€Å"The flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is.† The woman is not convinced by his words, and tries to kill the flea, but her lover tries to convince her that this flea is them, and their love and marriage, and if she kills the flea, not only the flea will die: â€Å"†Three sins in killing three.† After the flea is killed by his lover, he finds a way to turn around the situation for his benefit, and tells her that the fact that flea is dead only shows that nothing is as important as it seems; therefore, why should not them lay together? She will lose as much as the flea lost which apparently she thinks it is not a lot: â€Å"’Tis true; then learn how false fears be: Just so much honor, when thou yield’st to me, will waste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this works the use of marriage although used for alternate purposes is given different meaning. In â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale†, the old woman wants â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire†, and is willing to do anything to get it; in â€Å"The Flea† the lover wants to lay with his mistress, and will say anything to convince her, even that they are â€Å"married† after being bitten by a flea. The use of the marriage in both stories is done differently since the old woman lures the knight into marrying her, so that she can get what she want, and the lover tries to convince his mistress they are already married in a sense, so that he will able to bed her. One may well say nevertheless that in both cases marriage is a means of leverage, a tool to be best used as the authors see fit, in order to allow their characters achieve their aims; whatever those aims might be. In these sense marriage gets a similar treatment in both stories.

Market analysis for cadburys

Market analysis for cadburys Cadbury  was a British  confectionery  company, the industrys second-largest globally after the combined  Mars-Wrigley.[2]  Headquartered in Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in  Uxbridge London Borough of Hillingdon,  England  and formerly listed on the  London Stock Exchange, Cadbury was acquired by  Kraft Foods  in February 2010. The company was an ever-present constituent of the  FTSE 100  from the indexs 1984 inception until its 2010 takeover.[3][4] . What products or services does it offer customers? At what price(s)? Products Main article:  List of Cadbury products Cadbury plc manufactures chocolates and sweets such as the popular  Cadbury Dairy Milk. Notable product introductions include:   Cocoa Essence  Easter Eggs   Milk Chocolate Cadbury Fingers   Dairy Milk   Bournville  Chocolate   Milk Tray Flake Creme Egg Crunchie   Roses   Fudge   Dairy Milk Buttons   Picnic Curly Wurly   Wispa  (relaunched 2007)   Boost Twirl Time Out   Fuse Brunch Bar,  Dream  and  Snowflake Cadbury dairy milk silk  (richer, finer milk chocolate) and  Wispa Gold Prices of sme of its products Boost High Protein Nutritional Energy Drinke:  $35.955 Cadbury Dairy Milk Bar of Plenty Berry Fruit and Vanilla Shortcake 140g.  Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚ £2.34   Cadbury Dairy Milk Bar of Plenty Toffee Apple and Roast Hazelnut 140g.  Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚ £2.34   boost High Protein Energy Drink, Vanilla, 8 oz, 6 pk $10.69 Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk, a brand priced at Rs 49 for 69 grams and Rs 99 for 160 grams available in Milk chocolate, Roast Almond and Fruit Nut variants. The company aims to position Silk as smoother, creamier and chunkier. Who are its customers and what do they want? Its main customers are children and youngsters especially girls. They want Cadbury chocolates to be Very creamy delicious taste and widely available.   it still smells nice. One Pound for one hundred grams is good value, Nice box Presentation reasonable price yummy . Who are its competitors and how does the company differentiate itself from its competitors. Within Chocolate, its interesting that Cadbury is a very small player outshone by Nestle, MM Mars (now called Masterfoods) and Hershey. Cadbury is a distant 4th. But, in Canada Europe, Cadbury is a huge player perhaps #2. This is because Cadbury Schweppes is British based and hence has a much larger presence in Europe, Canada Australia. Within Confections (e.g. gum, hard candy), competitors would include Wrigleys. Within Soft Drinks, Cadbury Scheppes is a distant 3rd, with Coke in the lead, followed closely by Pepsi. Interestingly enough, I think that 7-Up, one of Cadburys products, is actually sold by Pepsi outside the US. Within Juices Juice Drinks, competition is w/ Coke (e.g. Minute Maid, Hi-C) and Pepsi (e.g. Tropicana, Gatorade, Brisk Iced Tea), Ocean Spray, Welchs and many smaller players. Within Fruit Snacks, Dole Del Monte are the largest competitors. the corporate site has a lot of stakeholders: shareholders, potential investors, journalists, job-seekers, employees, analysts financial and sustainability, suppliers, partners, customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There needs to be somewhere that at least the core facts about the company can be found by all these people, for convenience as well as for legal reasons.  adbury monitor the production process by using total quality   management to ensure that the chocolate/products that are produced are   of a high quality and meet the needs of the customers, this is vital   for Cadbury because they produce chocolate products mainly which has a   lot of substitutes, this means that customers could loose interest in   Cadbury products if their demands are not met or thought about.  An alternative quality assurance method that Cadbury could use is   benchmarking. Benchmarking is a method for comparing the performance   of one business against another, this would of an advantage to Cadbury   because they could compare their sales figures, production figures etc   against a major competitor (Nestle for example), the comparisons would   help Cadbury to set aims and goals for the business itself and once   the aims have been met it may almost be certain that Cadbury is   outperforming its competitor.   However the competitor that Cadbury choose has to be near enough the   same size business as Cadbury, this is to make the benchmarking fair.   As well as the above benchmarking will help Cadbury to do better than   their competitor(s).   . How do they communicate with customers and how do they sell their product to customers? Cadbury have continued their innovative work but off the corporate site. The Cadbury approach seems to be to maximise the brand benefits they can get from their customer-facing social media outposts, while retaining the static and more corporate information on the corporate site. There are hundreds of thousands of fans of Cadbury fans on Facebook. These are mostly brand pages (Dairy Milk: two pages with over 400,000 fans; Creme Eggs: two pages, with over 500,000 fans; Mini Eggs: two pages with over 300,000 fans à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thats just on the first page of results). But there is also a corporate page with over 248,000 fans, and even a page for their recent Eyebrows advertisement campaign with nearly 225,000 fans. That is more than a glass and a half of customer loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Cadbury is clearly doing something very right here; Facebook works well for them, and they are making the most of their advertising successes, and welcoming the mashups and spoofs that their loyal customers create. (Youll no doubt remember the  Mars/Snickers  episode from a few months ago). But it isnt just Facebook: there are many Cadbury inspired videos on YouTube, and theres at least oneCadbury channel. There also seem to be several Cadbury-owned Twitter accounts (such as  @ButtonsFOTF,@haveyouearnedit,  @Cadbury_Gorilla  and  @GoingFairTrade). These are the only ways through customers get attracted towards their different brands of chocolate and they sell their products.

A Rose for Emily Essay -- A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

Throughout the Eighteen Years of my life I read many interesting short stories. Some stories where more eye catching than others. Furthermore â€Å"A Rose For Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka were not on the top of my list. In my opinion, the stories were eye catching because of how the author made its characters react and respond toward the suspense and eeriness in certain parts of the climax of the stories. For example, in â€Å"A Rose For Emily† the ladies of the community said â€Å"We did not say she was crazy then. We believed that she had to do that† (Faulkner 81) These two lines were said about Emily after the people found out about the death of Emily’s father and they knew that she was keeping his body inside of her house because she could not let go of her father. The eeriness about this is that they did not think it was weird at all. Furthermore, these two stories look to me just like every other story t hat I have read from other authors. Nevertheless, when I started to look into the concepts and ironies, the stories reveal an aspect about how the characters progress and why do they progress a certain way throughout the story. On the other hand, not only did I start to create an interest towards them, but I caught how they were alike in many unusual aspects. â€Å"A Rose For Emily† and â€Å"Metamorphosis† develop a climax similar to one another because they both have unpredictable events, rare responses of those events, a theme that connects theme, and a twist to an unpredictable endings. To begin with, the aspect that caught my attention was how both of the authors, Faulkner and Kafka gave the passages an unpredictable events and another meaning to the characters. In â€Å"A Rose For Emily† Faulkner said â€Å"When her ... ...ore descriptive than Emily’s. Kafka described as Gregor’s death was peacefully even though he had died of starvation. Furthermore Kafka stated how Mr. Samsa took the death of his son. Mr. Samsa said â€Å"Well, now we can thank God† This not only does it describe them being happy that Gregor is dead but it describes the relief that the fell in their lives after Gregor’s transformation. To conclude, I am happy I looked deeper into these two stories. They gave me a reality check and showed me that things do not always turn out to be how one wants it and that life always brings surprises to shake things up in our lives. I did not like the ending of the story of the â€Å"Metamorphosis† by Kafka because I would of liked to see him getting revenge on those who did not treat him the way they should of, but that too surprised me that the story did not turn out to end like that.

Great Wall of China :: Chinese China History

Great Wall of China In the year 221 B.C.E., there was a great ruler over the Ch'in kingdom in China, named Shih Huang Ti. Shih was power hungry and wanted more land so he gathered his army and captured the surrounding kingdoms. As the ruler of so many kingdoms he became "the first emperor" of China. Shih showed his tyranny when he burned all history books to insure that his people and future generations would only remember him and none of the earlier rulers. He had a strong army but the fierce tribes north of China, the Mongols and the Huns, were stronger. These nomadic tribes would come into China and steal crops and animals and then destroy everything left behind. Shih was very disturbed with these invasions, so in the year 214 B.C.E. he freed prisoners and gathered workers and herds of animals. He gave all this to Meng T'ien, his loyal general. Meng and the men and animals were sent north to fortify Shih's kingdoms from invading armies. Shih planned to make a great wall by extending and enlarging preexisting walls made by previous rulers. This "great" wall would serve as a barricade to keep out all tribes that wanted to invade China. It also served to separate the civilized acts of the farmers in China to the barbaric acts of the nomadic tribes. What Shih did not know was that the construction would cause many deaths and much suffering to the builders of the wall. The wall which Meng and his men created had watchtowers, forty feet tall, every two hundred yards. The purpose of these towers was to alert the defending soldiers of approaching, attacking tribes. The soldiers at the towers signalled to each other by day using smoke signals, ! wavin g flags, blowing horns, and ringing bells; by night by lighting firework-like objects in the sky. The wall, itself, was approximately fifteen hundred miles long, thirty feet high and, at the base, twenty-five feet thick. It was made of the core of earth and gravel. Actually, it was two walls aligned with each other and then filled in with a stone base pounded smooth. The wall traveled over mountains and through valleys. It went from Liatun, on the coast near Korea, westward to the northern end on the Yellow River, southward to Lint'ao to close off the north west area of the empire from the Huns.

The Great Depression in Canada :: essays research papers

Canada suffered its longest and most terrible economic depression in its history between 1929 and 1939. It is now known as the Great Depression. This essay will demonstrate the major causes, political, economic and social consequences, and the government’s solutions from the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected all of Canada and is a key part of our history. It is important that we learn from it so we can prevent it from happening again. There were many causes for the Great Depression. The first and one of the largest was the stock market crash. Before 1929 the stock market was flourishing and everyone wanted to buy stocks. People were so confident in the stock market that they were buying â€Å"on margin†, which meant that brokers would lend them 10% of the money they invested (D1). The problems began when stocks were being over speculated. When people began to realize this, they began selling there shares. On October 29, 1929, 16 million shares were sold (D9). This day became known as â€Å"Black Thursday†, the day the stock market crashed (D12). The second reason was the overproduction of goods. Factories had already produced too many goods and now there was no demand for them. The government began to raise tariffs to protect Canadian industries but things only led downhill from there. There were two major political consequences of the Great Depression. The first was that new political parties were formed in Canada. The new political parties were the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the Social Credit Party, and the Union Nationale (UN). The CCF was founded by J.S. Woodsworth and believed in the establishment of minimum wage, accident and sickness insurance, old age pensions and unemployment insurance. The Social Credit Party was founded by William Aberhart. He believed that governments should issue money to everyone so that they could buy goods in a form of â€Å"social credits†. In the 1935 provincial elections he took 56 of 63 seats giving him a total victory. The UN was founded by Maurice Duplessis due to the union of Action Liberale Nationale and the Conservative Party. They promoted the traditional values of the Catholic Church and believed in a rural lifestyle. The second political consequence was a conflicted relationship between the fe deral and the provincial governments. The depression showed the federal government that provincial governments did not have enough money to carry out significant projects. The Great Depression in Canada :: essays research papers Canada suffered its longest and most terrible economic depression in its history between 1929 and 1939. It is now known as the Great Depression. This essay will demonstrate the major causes, political, economic and social consequences, and the government’s solutions from the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected all of Canada and is a key part of our history. It is important that we learn from it so we can prevent it from happening again. There were many causes for the Great Depression. The first and one of the largest was the stock market crash. Before 1929 the stock market was flourishing and everyone wanted to buy stocks. People were so confident in the stock market that they were buying â€Å"on margin†, which meant that brokers would lend them 10% of the money they invested (D1). The problems began when stocks were being over speculated. When people began to realize this, they began selling there shares. On October 29, 1929, 16 million shares were sold (D9). This day became known as â€Å"Black Thursday†, the day the stock market crashed (D12). The second reason was the overproduction of goods. Factories had already produced too many goods and now there was no demand for them. The government began to raise tariffs to protect Canadian industries but things only led downhill from there. There were two major political consequences of the Great Depression. The first was that new political parties were formed in Canada. The new political parties were the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the Social Credit Party, and the Union Nationale (UN). The CCF was founded by J.S. Woodsworth and believed in the establishment of minimum wage, accident and sickness insurance, old age pensions and unemployment insurance. The Social Credit Party was founded by William Aberhart. He believed that governments should issue money to everyone so that they could buy goods in a form of â€Å"social credits†. In the 1935 provincial elections he took 56 of 63 seats giving him a total victory. The UN was founded by Maurice Duplessis due to the union of Action Liberale Nationale and the Conservative Party. They promoted the traditional values of the Catholic Church and believed in a rural lifestyle. The second political consequence was a conflicted relationship between the fe deral and the provincial governments. The depression showed the federal government that provincial governments did not have enough money to carry out significant projects.

Characters in Hamlet and Claudius Essay

* Themes: * Certainty and Uncertainty * Because of all the deceit and theme of appearance and reality, every character is uncertain of who they are and who others are really like. No one knows for sure and is certain who anyone is anymore. * The audience is confused and not sure of the character Hamlet, Gertrude, Ophelia etc are anymore- there are so many attitudes and situations in the play that make these characters uncertain. * Hamlet and his antic disposition- he pretended to be mad but towards the end it also seemed as if he actually went mad. * It is uncertain that Gertrude is a queen blinded by Claudius and Hamlet or a person who doesn’t care about what happened to King Hamlet and just wants to stay in power. She can also be viewed as an incestuous woman. No one knows for sure anymore. * Ophelia starts out as a distraught girl who is in love with hamlet but then goes crazy when she finds out he ‘doesn’t love her’. It is not certain who Ophelia really is as her character is ambiguous in general. * Appearance and reality * King Claudius appears to be good man but in reality he is the murderer of the King Hamlet. Deceitfully and criminally took the throne for himself. * Polonius seems like a loving father but in reality he is a manipulative and deceitful man. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two twins who appear to be hamlets friends but in reality they are spies working for Claudius. * Struggle for power * Claudius murdered King Hamlet to gain power (the throne) * Polonius lies to Ophelia in order to gain a good eye in the favour of the king Claudius- hoping to gain some power. Soliloquies: * Act III Scene 1 * The soliloquy â€Å"to be or not to be† is an important one to note as hamlet here ponders on the topic of death. It could possibly be because he feels guilty and angry at what he has done or said up to this point- antic disposition (pretending to be mad and try to kill Claudius in the mean time etc). * He has a powerful and tense relationship with the thought of death and life. * Act IV Scene IV * In this soliloquy hamlet questions his own courage and his worth as a man, if he confines to be unwilling to act. He compares his lack of action to Fortinbras and his army who are willing to risk all. * The issue of Hamlet acting too late in killing Claudius ponders hamlets mind, thinking whether it was good to wait or bad to wait or whether it was worth it. Characters: * Hamlet * Main character, antic disposition, madness, falseness, anger * Ophelia * Hamlets lover, goes insane when she finds out that Hamlet doesn’t love her- even though it was a lie and he does. * Claudius * Uncle of Hamlet, brother of King Hamlet and murderer of King Hamlet. Remarried Queen Gertrude and gained power to the throne. Hamlets enemy and target on getting revenge on. * Gertrude * Mother of hamlet and newly remarried wife of her brother in law King Claudius. Viewed as incestuous. Finds it hard to believe or understand her son Hamlet throughout the play. * Guildenstern and Rosencrantz * Twins who were Hamlets childhood friends but turned out to be spies for Claudius. * Polonius * Appears to be a loving father to Ophelia and Laertes but really is a manipulative and deceitful man. Yearns to have power like Claudius thus he tries to get on his ‘good’ side. * Laertes * Son of Polonius and brother of Ophelia. Does not like the fact that Ophelia loves Hamlet. Quotes: * Polonius: â€Å"and borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all: to thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell; my blessing season in thee!† he gives Laertes a blessing to go away, he sends a spy to follow him and keep an eye on him lack of trust in people. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: â€Å"A dream is but a shadow† and â€Å"tis as easy as lying; govern these vantages with your finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth†. In these Acts hamlet can see they are lying and spying on him. * Claudius: â€Å"though yet of Hamlet our dear brother death/ the memory be green, and that it us befitted/ to bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom/ to be contracted in one brow of woe.† Here he speaks kindly only to give the appearance of a loving brother, even though in reality he cares little for the old king. * Hamlet: â€Å" I am but mad north-north- west: when the wind/is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw† hamlet here is very convincing actor for even his own mother. * Gertrude : â€Å" Alas, He’s mad† * Hamlet and Ophelia : â€Å"you should not have believ’d me/I lov’d you not†

Analyzing a Written Essay Essay

The two essays that I read were â€Å"A Soul as Free as the Air: About Lucy Stone† and, â€Å"How to succeed as an Online Student†. The four types of essay organization discussed in the course readings were; 1. Topic: This development organizes information about the topic in the most logical way. 2. Time order: It is using sequential order to write an essay. It organizes the information from one time period to another. 3. Space order: This deals with location of people, places or things. 4. Informative process: This is written in a step-by-step arrangement in their natural occurring order. The characteristics that make these essays expository, is that it has facts to inform about the topic. It is used in facts form and not biased.  What distinguishes space organization from time organization or informative-process organization in an essay is that Space order deals with location, Time organization refers to placing information in chronological order by date or a specific time, and Informative essay would be one that takes on a step-by-step process. The organization of each essay help the reader understand the subject matter of that essay in the essay â€Å"How to Succeed as Online Student†, it list steps to teach online students what it takes to be successful in an online atmosphere. The reader understands you must follow these steps to succeed. On the essay, â€Å"A Soul as Free as the Air: About Lucy Stone† it helped to learn about Lucy Stone, it showed the order of her achievements. On the essays that I read, the one that has the most effective organi zation was â€Å"A Souls as Free as the Air: About Lucy Stone†. I chose this essay, because it was organized from the beginning to the end, it was in the order of each of her achievements. A different type of organizational style for â€Å"How to Succeed as Online Student† if you change it to a time order or space order, then it would confuse some of the online students. The main part would be lost in the reading. It would definitely have students wanting to go to class instead of online, so the teacher could clarify things. The type of essay organization that is more suitable for my essay topic on â€Å"Warming Global; Drought,† would be Time Order, due to the heat and water levels at the time.

”Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens and ”Brick Lane” by Monica Ali Essay

Having read both Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and Brick Lane by Monica Ali, I am going to concentrate the city question on Brick Lane. Brick Lane tells the story of Nazneen, an eighteen year old moved to London from her rural upbringing in Bangladesh to Tower Hamlets, a close tight community of Bengali families living in blocks of flats struggling to make their way up in the city to earn sufficient money and a civilised upbringing for their children, yet still yearning to go back to their home land. Nazneen is married to Chanu, twenty years older than her, he is educated yet earns his money working as a taxi driver. This novel has clear descriptions of city life, the diversity of the people within and how Nazneen interprets the city from her point of view. There are many ways in which the material conditions of the city are described in this novel, the different areas of the city of London are described from the block of flats where Nazneen lives to the big office blocks in the city centre. City life in this novel begins with Nazneen describing the ‘Tattoo lady’ who lives in the block of flats opposite her, from here we become familiar with the lack of space and understand the very little room they have in the urban areas of London â€Å"Most of the flats that closed three sides of a square had net curtains and the life behind them was all shapes and shadows. But the tattoo lady had no curtains at all. Morning and afternoon she sat with her thighs spilling over the sides of her chair†¦.† By reading this, it is already forming an idea of the main settings of the novel which are the block of flats, very cramped and close, very little sense of privacy. We also get an idea of the type of people living around the area as well, the tattoo lady is frequently mentioned in the novel, informing us that â€Å"at least two thirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.† Another material condition of the city we come across in this novel is when Nazneen actually considers visiting the tattoo lady at the flat opposite hers, however such is city life that Nazneen reconsiders this â€Å"The tattoo lady might be angry at an unwanted interruption.† Although this is not an actual object described in the city, from Nazneen’s thought we get an idea of the type of people she would come across whilst living in the city, it forms the surroundings of the narrative by mentioning Nazneen’s neighbours. Monica Ali also describes the smell of the surroundings where Nazneen lives â€Å"The breeze on Nazneen’s face was thick with the smell from the overflowing communal bins.† This material condition most definitely helps to form the surroundings of the novel shaping the condition of the area where Nazneen lives. Although Monica Ali has focused on forming the surroundings of the city where Nazneen lives with the smell and the neighbours, she has also formed the novel with the material conditions of inside the flat where Nazneen lives, in the novel Nazneen spends most of her time inside the flat â€Å"to sit day after day inside this large box with the furniture to dust, and the muffled sound of private lives sealed away above, below and around her.† By giving brief descriptions like this it shapes the scene of the narrative from the beginning of the novel, we are informed of the furniture inside the flat, Nazneen mentions that she has never seen more furniture inside one room, with all this, we are already shaping the narrative with the material conditions inside of Nazneen’s flat. Whilst living in the city, Nazneen mentions outdoor surroundings quite often, although she spends most of her time inside her flat or at Razia’s, whenever Nazneen has gone outside the boundaries of her area, we as the are given more description of the actual city conditions â€Å"There were more cars than people out here; a roaring metal army tearing up the town.† By describing the cars as an army tearing up the town, we can immediately shape the city life of the narrative with the pollution and the noise of the cars. We can imagine the dirt and the hustle of the city. â€Å"The people who passed walked, looked ahead at nothing or looked down at the pavement to negotiate puddles, litter and excrement.† This was the material conditions of the city life which helped form the narrative, which helped give the reader an idea of the city life and scenes to which we can imagine Nazneen and her husband walking across. The social life in this novel also helps to form the material conditions of city life and the novel, Nazneen’s social life throughout the novel consisted of Mrs Islam and Razia gossiping about fellow women, she would often visit Razia at her flat, whilst going to Razia’s flat we are given descriptions of the surroundings within Nazneen’s boundary of her estate, we are informed of the â€Å"group of young Bengali men who stood in the bottom of the stairwell, combing their hair and smoking or making loud, sudden hoots†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this was the social life the young men had in the city, they would hang around in gangs not achieving much, Nazneen stayed within her boundaries as well, so it gives the reader an impression that social life within a city should be kept in the boundaries that you live in, like a safety barrier. We are also informed of the material conditions of the corridors and stairwells where Nazneen lives, the front doors are mentioned to be the sam e across the corridors â€Å"peeling red paint showing splinters of pale wood, a rectangular panel of glass with wire meshing suspended inside, gold rimmed keyholes and stern black knockers.† On the wall â€Å"someone had drawn a pair of buttocks in thick black pen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this helps the reader to form a picture in their minds of the state of city life where Nazneen lives, â€Å"The stairs gave off a tang of urine† Although Nazneen is told to stay within the boundaries of the estate because if she went out people would talk and gossip about her, Nazneen did go out. This was when she got lost, and we as the readers gained more knowledge of the material conditions of city life which formed the narrative, we are told that â€Å"to get to the other side of the street without being hit by a car was like walking out in the monsoon and hoping to dodge the raindrops.† Immediately we can imagine the fast movement of the city, cars going past like buzzing bees, to cross the road, Nazneen â€Å"waited next to a woman and stepped out with her, like a calf with its mother† short descriptions like this form the material conditions of the city life in this novel so skilfully. Throughout the novel, we are not only informed of the material conditions of the city where Nazneen lives or around the area of Bethnal Green, we are also informed of the streets buildings past Brick Lane. â€Å"She looked up at a building as she passed. It was constructed almost entirely of glass, with a few thin rivets of steel holding it together.† â€Å"The building was without end, above somewhere it crushed the clouds.† The material conditions mentioned here are most entirely opposite to the towers described of Tower Hamlets. Although both scenes have very large buildings, the towers in the city centre are described as â€Å"palaces†, with â€Å"entrances and colonnades across the front† this was the diversity of the material conditions of city life which helped form the narrative, because the reader is informed that the city is not the same throughout, every area has its own distinctive features, some parts of the city are very well looked after whe reas others such as where Nazneen lives are forgotten about. The material conditions of city life in the novel are mentioned to the reader in many ways, we are told of the people that Nazneen walks past when she goes to the city centre â€Å"every back she saw, was on a private, urgent mission to execute a precise and demanding plan†¦.† â€Å"They could not see her anymore than she could see God† from this, we acknowledge the independency of the people in the city. Soon Nazneen realises that she does not fit in with these working people, they are dressed smart, they have coats and handbags whereas Nazneen has a cardigan and a sari, although Nazneen was dressed differently, only one woman noticed she was there and smiled at her. By giving details such as this, Monica Ali has formed and shaped the narrative according to city life, every person with its own mission. So far, throughout the novel, only roads and streets, people and buildings have been mentioned. However when Nazneen does come across some greenery, she says â€Å"in this city, a bit of grass was something to be guarded, fenced about, as if there were a sprinkling of emeralds sown in among the blades.† This, yet again is another material condition of city life, although it is not unpleasant like the conditions in Nazneen’s area, green grass has not yet been mentioned up until now, and when it has the grass is guarded with fence, so from this, we can imagine the very few places in the city to relax and enjoy the scenery. We also get the indication that in this novel, for Nazneen there is no place for her to get away from everything, the city â€Å"would not pause even to shrug.† Throughout the novel, the descriptions of the city and the buildings given to us by Nazneen have been described just as Nazneen saw them, however, later on in the novel, when Nazneen’s son becomes ill, whilst in the ambulance van, and with her fear for her son, she mentions â€Å"The city shattered. Everything was in pieces. She knew it straight away, glimpsed it from the painful white insides of the ambulance.† Just as Nazneen’s heart shattered in pieces, the city did too with her, so she is relating the material conditions of the city with her emotions and giving the reader an image of doom and gloom within the city. Although the material conditions described to us previously in the novel have been mostly doom and gloom anyway, Nazneen has only just implied the greyness and dullness of it along with her emotions. â€Å"Frantic neon signs. Headlights chasing the dark. An office block, cracked with light. These shards of the broken city.† Up until now the city was not mentioned as broken, it was just described as how Nazneen saw it, but now, we get the real image of the city, the material conditions which helped form the narrative † The crystal towers and red bricked tombs. The bare-legged girls shivering at the bus stop.† Up until now, Nazneen had simply described the different dress code of non Asian females, now that she saw they were at the bus stop bare legged in the early hours of the morning, Nazneen is ridiculed by them, she talks about them along with the broken city. She is giving the reader material conditions of the city which make it so grim. â€Å"The well fed dogs and bloated pigeons.† This is something Nazneen would never see in her homeland Bangladesh, dogs are of no importance and pigeons always a pest. So now, we get to witness Nazneen’s interpretations of the material conditions of the city life, how she feels it is all wrong compared to her land. â€Å"The cars that had screamed alongside the ambulance, urging it on, parting in waves.† The cars that had previously been described as an army now screaming, this clearly shows the rage within Nazneen and the material city conditions which she so hates. Throughout the novel, London is not the only city mentioned, with Nazneen’s sister living in the city in Bangladesh, Dhaka, she often receives letters from Hasina talking about her home, and the surroundings â€Å"Street is wide and nice. But plastic bag blowing everywhere. Walk in street for five ten minute and by finish you cover in bag on legs and arm and stomach.† From this we realise, that city conditions throughout the world are the same. The little things which give the city its status, the material conditions such as bags on the floor is what makes living in a city so different to other places. â€Å"A wind blew in over the courtyard and fetched up a crisp packet at her feet.† Nazneen although she was in a different country to her sister, they were both in the same situation, both living in a city with material conditions such as rubbish on the pavements and non stopping people. To conclude, the material conditions of city life in Brick Lane are mentioned with such metaphors and descriptions which inform the narrative of the surroundings, the people, the scenery and the atmosphere within. The buildings described in so many ways, the smallest details found on the floors to the stairwells of the block of flats.

Determinants of Germany’s Economic Robustness

DETERMINANTS OF GERMANY’S ECONOMIC ROBUSTNESS: UNDERSTANDING THE SECRET BEHIND THE GERMAN ECONOMIC SUCCESS – A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY Germany is the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and fifth by GDP (PPP) (2008). Since the age of industrialisation, the country has been a driver, innovator, and beneficiary of an ever more globalised economy. Germany is the world's third largest exporter with $1. 408 trillion exported in 2011 (Eurozone countries are included).Exports account for more than one-third of national output and the Germany’s strong export performance in goods or merchandise is also denoted by the term Exportweltmeister (world champion exporter). However, analysis of German’s economic history demonstrates that the country did not face constant growth throughout the years. It also had to face moments of recession just like other countries and its own past (reunification) appeared to have been a cause of G erman’s slow growth at times. Following are figures of German’s GDP throughout the last 3 decades which will help us to emphasise our statement.While the decrease in the year 1990s can be associated with the unification and the costs involved, that of 2010-2011, can be associated to the global recession that the world experienced then. Yet, even in the recession marred years, the German economy managed to stay stable as the world sixth largest country in terms of GDP (2009. ) Now, against the background of fragile global recovery and the intensification of the eurozone crisis, Germany has recorded strong GDP growth and a declining trend in unemployment. What's the secret of such a robust economy?Referring to Germany, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher said in December 1989 at a Strasbourg summit â€Å"We defeated the Germans twice! And now they're back†. Although this statement was related to politics, it appears to be relevant in the economic context as w ell. As such, our study will consist of analysing more in details the secret behind this particular success or consistency and will also involve comparison of countries which also have more or less the same pattern of Germany but still cannot reach their level of development to underline what are those parameters which make Germany so unique. Current SituationGermany's economy is holding up better than expected amid the Eurozone's debt crisis, as robust demand from outside of Europe has helped offset weak activity on the continent. Several other factors contribute to Germany's solid macroeconomic position. Germany is the only major advanced economy which had lower unemployment rate in 2012 than it had in 2007. The level of German GDP has increased by a cumulative 5. 8% since the beginning of 2010, compared to 2. 3% for the eurozone. The monetary conditions set for the entire eurozone by the ECB are accommodative for Germany given the strong cyclical position of its economy.As a cons equence of safe-haven capital inflows, yields are also at extremely low levels. Furthermore, Germany has a strong net external creditor position and a large, albeit gradually declining, current account surplus. The German financial sector has stabilised since 2009 and liquidity is abundant in the current environment. However, meeting Basel III requirements will remain a challenge for German banks in light of modest profitability and still a high leverage. Since mid-2008, German banks have cut their total eurozone exposure by â‚ ¬332bn, a 30% fall, of which â‚ ¬187bn was withdrawn from Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal, a fall of 44%.Despite this fast pace of deleveraging, the quality of the remaining assets may well deteriorate further as the recession deepens in the periphery. In its semi-annual economic outlook, the German central bank raised its forecast for domestic GDP growth this year to 1. 0% from 0. 6% in the December outlook due to better-than-expected first quarter g rowth that was largely the result of strong exports to emerging markets. The upward revision brings economic activity near its potential growth rate of 1. 25. Growth in 2013 is seen at 1. 6%, down 0. point from December's forecast due to a statistical correction resulting from the revisions for this year. The Eurozone crisis â€Å"may have left its mark, but the good structural condition of Germany's economy and the robust global economy have maintained the upper hand,† Still, the outlook remains â€Å"highly uncertain,† with risks stemming â€Å"overwhelmingly† from external factors. While weak Eurozone growth in the debt crisis has already been factored in to the forecasts, Germany's export-driven economy would be vulnerable to a â€Å"noticeable weakening† of conditions outside of Europe. Germany remains exposed to the systemic component of the crisis.A significantly deeper recession of its large eurozone trading partners could also push Germany into r ecession with negative repercussions for the fiscal stance as well. Furthermore, additional sizeable contribution to eurozone bail-out funds, on top of the EFSF guarantees, could push German debt level above 90% of GDP, close to the upper limit Fitch generally considers consistent with a ‘AAA' rating. Materialisation of these risks would put downward pressure on the rating. Germany has all the ingredients of a declining public debt path. The economy is growing, budget deficit is moderate and nominal interest rates reached record low levels.Nevertheless the longer track record serves as a warning sign. Despite the fiscal rules of the eurozone, the debt/GDP ratio had increased to 83% by 2010 from 55% in 1995. During the 13 years of monetary union, the German debt ratio declined in only five years and has been above the 60% reference value since 2003. PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem that leads us to undertake this research is simple. Observing the amazing performance of Germany in the international market even in the period of recession, one wonder how this can be achieved by them while the others are still struggling.It becomes apparent that there must be some particular reasons behind this success. Research Question/Hypothesis H1: There is something unique that make Germany successful in the international market. H2: There is a relationship between the implementation of new economic policies with the economic performance of Germany H0: There is nothing unique about Germany’s success. They work on the same policies as other countries. OBJECTIVES AND AIMS OVERALL OBJECTIVE By this study, we hope to underline the policies that led Germany to success and from this knowledge, have a better understanding of the strengths and weakness of a business environment.Overall, we aim to have clear knowledge about impact of business environment on performance of business undertakings. In the long term, we can use the technique used in this research to analyse any bu siness environment before setting up of any business firm. Also, we can advice other developing countries about implementing those policies which could benefit them considering their own business environment and also be on their path of development just like Germany. This research can be considered as a tool to determine business opportunities as well. SPECIFIC AIMS Understand the parameters that made the economy very strong in the market How is that amidst the gloom Germany continues to be the engine that drives the Eurozone economies, and also helping to bail out a few? How does the robust, high-tech manufacturing sector continue to be the export champion? What role do the academic system and â€Å"Deutsche Tugenden† play in the success? What is the special Trade School training system that creates highly skilled technical workforce? Take into considerations other macroeconomic indicators particular to Germany Understand how one can take advantage of the strengths and weakn ess prevailing in its environment * Have valuable and actual knowledge of economic concepts BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE 1. (Raymond J. Ahearn and Paul Belkin; the German Economy and U. S. -German Economic Relations 2010) By most standards, post-war West Germany registered impressive economic performance in the first decades of its existence. But beginning in the mid-1990s, the German economy has been on a much lower growth path, averaging about 1. 5% of GDP per year. Unemployment has also risen steadily.These trends, which have been exacerbated by a steep 5% decline in German GDP growth in 2009, raise questions about the long-term vitality and strength of the German economy. A number of factors help explain Germany’s declining growth rate. One factor has been the high cost associated with integrating the formerly communist East German economy into the Federal Republic since reunification in 1990. A second has been the growing cost of Germany’s generous social security and welfare programs and associated regulations which some believe may undercut incentives for work and entrepreneurship.A third is an economy that is more geared towards exporting than domestic investment and consumption. With declining economic growth and rising expenditures on social protections, Germany faces significant budgetary and resource constraints. A prosperous German state remains critical to both the U. S. and European economies. Difficulties Germany may have in regaining a stronger economic position are important concerns, affecting the U. S. -German partnership’s ability to mutually address and manage a range of bilateral, regional, and global challenges.The report therefore elaborates on these themes in three parts: the first section examines Germany’s economic performance in historical perspective and assesses some of the domestic factors that may be contributing to Germany’s less than optimal performance; the second discusses the reform challe nges facing Germany’s political leaders; and the third section evaluates a few salient U. S. -German economic policy differences and strains that seem to be influenced by Germany’s weakened economic situation. 2.Financial System Stability Assessment, report prepared by the Monetary and Capital Markets and European Departments and approved by Jose Vinals and Antonio Borges, June 20, 2011; results in the following main findings: The main findings of the FSAP are: * The German financial system is recovering from the global crisis, yet low profitability hampers many banks’ ability to build stronger buffers against the shocks that could hit the global economy and especially Europe; * Structural reforms are overdue.The Landesbanken require thorough restructuring and probably downsizing, but the imperative to loosen constraints and strengthen banks’ commercial orientation is more general; * The standard of financial sector regulation and supervision is high. The crisis showed that more timely information, additional on-site supervision, and follow up through forward-looking supervisory action are needed; and * The framework to manage financial crises has been enhanced significantly, particularly with the introduction of a new bank resolution regime.Deposit protection schemes need to be rationalized, and Germany should actively help efforts to develop mechanisms to deal with cross-border crises. Very interesting report, but emphasises on the financial sector of the country and its current scenario only. 3. Talking about articles with reference to the German’s secret for economic robustness, there are various available were the authors aim to point out these parameters which made Germany so powerful in today’s market. As such, an article from www. guardian. co. k goes on saying: â€Å"Germany invested heavily in its Bavarian science and technology base, identifying future growth sectors and building clusters of excellence to a ttract investment†¦ it's still â€Å"making stuff†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ While the British focused on becoming lawyers and money men, Germany continued to respect engineering and making things (not just money)†. Mr James Dyson, Author of Ingenious Britain, did not agree that this parameter was the cause behind the German success and responded to this statement by saying â€Å"In your coverage of the German success story, not a word has been printed on the German â€Å"housing market†.It is as if this were detached from the overall economic and cultural formula. Is it not a fact that Germany has a large, affordable rented sector with secure tenancies that deters a quick- housing-buck mentality? Does this housing culture not sustain investment in proper wealth creation (ie manufacturing) and thereby reduce the cycles of property boom and bust? † Well, Mr Olaf Plotner the dean of executive education at the European School of Management and Technology (ESMT) in Berlin a nd author of Counter Strategies in Global Markets in his post in Forbes magazine also shares his views about the reasons to justify the German’s success.He goes on saying: â€Å"cooperation between unions and employers plays a major role in the success of German industry. But that’s just one part of a much bigger picture†¦ German businesses have been able to avoid the focus on the short-term shareholder that dogs so many large companies elsewhere because of an ownership structure that seems unique to Germany†¦ the companies give importance to uniting ownership and management. † As of now, we have already different views from different people as they all try to explain the German success. Well, these views are not the only one.According to Mr Richard Anderson Business reporter for BBC News, â€Å"Germany is a country whose inhabitants work fewer hours than almost any others, whose workforce is not particularly productive and whose children spend less t ime at school than most of its neighbours. But still, the German economy is so powerful†¦why? † Mr Anderson structured is study under three main headings. Euro bliss †¦. Germany has benefited greatly from the euro; Germany adopted a much weaker currency than would otherwise have been the case†¦ This has provided a terrific boost to German exports, which are cheaper to overseas consumers as a result†¦.Just as important are the relatively low levels of private debt†¦ German companies and individuals refused to spend beyond their means†¦ Germans are uncomfortable with the concept of borrowing money and prefer to live within their own means. â€Å"In German, borrowing is ‘schulden', [the same word for guilt. ] There is an attitude that if you have to borrow, there is something wrong with you,† Labour reforms †¦the Social Democratic government was able to use its close ties with labour unions to push for moderation in wage inflation.T he reforms laid the foundation for a stable and flexible labour market. While unemployment across Europe and the US soared during the global downturn, remarkably the jobless number in Germany barely flickered. German workers were simply willing to work fewer hours, knowing that they would keep their jobs because of it. Job skills And in Germany, there is fewer stigmas attached to vocational training and technical colleges than in many countries. Research Gap The read reports do not seem to treat with the actual factors behind the success, hence we believe into scope for our research.Since in these articles, the German economic history I study but then related to other topics just like in the case of US-German relationship or the study of the German financial markets. True that these reports will help us in our study and can be used as a basis, they surely permit us to look at the German’s economy from a different point of view. Most of reports seem to elaborate a lot on the n egative features of the economy, not that we intend to ignore the negative features but what we are trying to do here is to explain how despite these features, Germany is able to hold such a position in the global market.Specifically we want to pinpoint the special policies which allow this achievement and propose economic models to other developing countries in order to permit them to also achieve such a miracle. Thus, reading the articles, we can see there are already numerous parameters that each of authors believed to be the one behind the success of Germany. Our study will therefore constitute in analysing these factors and comparing the performance of Germany with that of other countries which also have this factor.We will also try to analyse the impact that the implementation the each factor had on the economy of the country. To emphasize on the relevance of this research, we can another article by in the New York Times which states: â€Å"Germany had the formula right all a long. † Hence, our study will be directed towards analysing all the various aspects that made the formula right and try to make it right in our business environment as well! RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Overview The research is a diagnosis research.In fact, a diagnosis research is one which is directed towards discovering what is happening, why it is happening and what can and is to be done about it. It aims at identifying the causes and helping to arrive at possible solutions. Diagnostic research probes into the reasons `why? and goes beyond the problems. Our research is directed towards giving us in-depth knowledge about the reasons which made Germany successful today and we are interested in knowing which of these can be used by other nations as well. Our study will be divided into the following chapters:Chapter 1: here we will deal with the introduction to the study and the aim and purpose of the same. The subject background will also be studied in this step. We intend to t race the economic history of Germany in this section from World War II till today; macro and micro economic variables will be explained and we can propose an elaboration on the economy theory that is followed by the country. Chapter 2: will be dealing with review of books, articles, research papers and journals published with respect to the topic and identification of the research gap.Chapter 3: will elaborate on the research design. Here the parameters that we aim to use in our research will also be defined. As such, the parameters that we wish to study are as follows: 1. GDP, 2. Debt to GDP ratio, 3. Unemployment, 4. Household debt, 5. Inflation, 6. Commodity price swings 7. Foreign trade – imports/exports, net surplus, 8. Social spending, 9. Education, 10. Healthcare, 11. Pension funds, 12. Manufacturing vs. agrosectors, 13. Private & Public undertakings, 14. Patents 15. Innovation, 16. Mittelstand 17. Housing prices, 18. Real estate, 19.New firms reg. 20. Firms winding up , 21. New investments, 22. Banking, 23. M & As abroad, 24. Fuel prices Chapter 4: the data collected will be analysed and interpreted I this chapter Chapter 5: appropriate findings can be drawn from the data processed and conlusion will follow Population and Study Sample Our study will require interaction with economic experts and other industry-related experts who will give us insight and information about the various policies that are prevailing in Germany and their impact on the economy. Sample Size and Selection of SampleHere, we can select purposive sample and we will require snowballing as a technique as well since our study is very particular and one expert might put us into contact with another of his colleagues. Sources of Data The main sources of data will be secondary but experts’ insights in terms of interviews will constitute our primary data also. Collection of Data The secondary data will collected by visiting websites, reading books, analysing research papers, articles and other thesis. The primary data is collected by mean of interview. Data Analysis StrategiesThey will be use of regression analyse the percentage change that the implementation that each parameters did on the economy They will also be use of correlation to analyse the data from other countries which implemented each particular parameter. First, we will have to analyse each of these parameters in the German environment and then compare the German performance with other countries’ which have the same potentiality. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE STUDY STRENGTHS * There is important number of secondary data available for the research making the researcher job simpler. The study of this topic will lead to actual application of various economic concept hence, better understanding of economics as a subject. * Study of business environment being the first step for any project development, this project has important scope for the researcher. WEAKNESSES * The study being s omehow dependent on secondary data, there is chances that these might not be relevant leading to false conclusions. * There might be a possibility that these policies which made Germany so successful cannot be transferred to any other country. In which case, our

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